Eating Disorders and Body Image in Sexual and Gender Minorities: The PRIDE Study

Jason Nagata, MD, MSc

We are partnering with The PRIDE Study, a large national study of people who identify as a sexual and/or gender minority (SGM), including, but not limited to, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer individuals. We are studying eating disorder attitudes and behaviors as well as muscle-enhancing behaviors in The PRIDE Study.

We have validated measures of eating disorders (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire) and muscle dysmorphia (Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory) for the first time in LGBTQIA+ populations. We found that muscle dysmorphia symptoms are more associated with gender identity than sex assigned at birth among transgender and gender-expansive adults. We report high rates of appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements among LGBTQIA+ populations.

For more information about this study, please go to: https://nagatalab.ucsf.edu/

Related Publications List:

Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR, Nagata JM. Psychometric evaluation of the muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory (MDDI) among gender-expansive people. J Eat Disord. 2022.

Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, Lavender JM, Murray SB, Brown TA, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR, Nagata JM. Psychometric evaluation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among cisgender gay men and cisgender lesbian women. Body Image. 2021.

Compte EJ, McGuire FH, Brown TA, Lavender JM, Murray SB, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J, Nagata JM. Investigating the factor structure and measurement invariance of the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender gay men and lesbian women from the United States. J Eat Disord. 2023.

Nagata JM, Capriotti MR, Murray SB, Compte EJ, Griffiths S, Bibbins-Domingo K, Obedin-Maliver J, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR. Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire among cisgender gay men. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2020.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Murray SB, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among gender-expansive populations. J Eat Disord. 2020.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among cisgender sexual minority men and women. BMC Psychiatry. 2021.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, McGuire FH, Brown TA, Lavender JM, Murray SB, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J. Investigating the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in a community sample of gender minority adults from the United States. Int J Eat Disord. 2023;56(8):1570-80. Epub 2023/05/10.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, McGuire FH, Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Community norms of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among gender minority populations. J Eat Disord. 2021.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, McGuire FH, Lavender JM, Murray SB, Brown TA, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Psychometric validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among U.S. transgender men. Body Image. 2022.

Nagata JM, Compte EJ, Murray SB, Schauer R, Pak E, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J. Community norms for the eating disorder examination questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender bisexual plus women and men. Eat Weight Disord. 2021.

Nagata JM, DeBenedetto AM, Brown TA, Lavender JM, Murray SB, Capriotti MR, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Cattle CJ, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Associations among romantic and sexual partner history and muscle dysmorphia symptoms, disordered eating, and appearance- and performance-enhancing drugs and supplement use among cisgender gay men. Body Image. 2022.

Nagata JM, McGuire FH, Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB, Compte EJ, Cattle CJ, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS): Lifetime use and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people. Eat Behav. 2022.

Nagata JM, McGuire FH, Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB, Greene RE, Compte EJ, Flentje A, Lubensky ME, Obedin-Maliver J, Lunn MR. Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements, eating disorders, and muscle dysmorphia among gender minority people. Int J Eat Disord. 2022.

Nagata JM, Murray SB, Compte EJ, Pak EH, Schauer R, Flentje A, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J. Community norms for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among transgender men and women. Eat Behav. 2020.

Nagata JM, Murray SB, Flentje A, Compte EJ, Schauer R, Pak E, Capriotti MR, Lubensky ME, Lunn MR, Obedin-Maliver J. Eating disorder attitudes and disordered eating behaviors as measured by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among cisgender lesbian women. Body Image. 2020.